Expanding The NIF Ecosystem - Corpus Conversion, Parsing And Processing Using The NLP Interchange Format 2.0

This work presents a thorough examination and expansion of the NIF ecosystem

Preisstrategien zur Steigerung der Wertschöpfung in der Biomilch Wertschöpfungskette

In recent years, growing price volatilities in the milk market have triggered a discussion about fair prices in agricultural supply chains. Given the increasing complaints by German farmers, agricultural organizations and politicians reached the conclusion that farmers felt unfairly treated due to their dissatisfaction with the current prices for agricultural products. In the context of this discussion the question arose of what fair and innovative pricing systems in the German organic milk supply chain might be. Results of scanner data analysis and a survey of 531 farmers lead us to recommend a supplier oriented fair pricing system including fairness communication to consumers (fair distribution of margins)

Preisgestaltung in risikobehafteten Wertschöpfungsketten: Innovative Ansätze für eine faire Preisfindung in der ökologischen Milchwirtschaft

Derzeitige Milchpreisentwicklungen zeigen, dass die Diskussion um Preisgestaltungsmöglichkeiten in der Bio-Milchwirtschaft aktuell ist. Von Erzeugerseite wird dabei der Begriff fairer Preise diskutiert, da niedrige bzw. volatile Marktpreise zu der Wahrnehmung einer unfairen Behandlung führten. Strategien zur Steigerung der Wertschöpfung sind bisher in der Bio-Milchwirtschaft kaum betrachtet worden. Es war daher Ziel des Projektes, innovative Ansätze für eine faire Preisfindung in der ökologischen Milchwirtschaft zu erarbeiten und neue Preisstrategien zu erschließen, da Erzeuger und Molkereien besonders von Preisvolatilitäten betroffen sind. Anhand einer Scannerdatenanalyse wird gezeigt, dass Biokäufer im Naturkosthandel (NKH) vergleichsweise preisunsensibel sind. Folglich existieren Spielräume, die auch für Fairnesskonzepte in der Wertschöpfungskette (WSK) genutzt werden können. Ergänzend zeigt die Preisanalyse auf, dass die Akteure im NKH eine eher zurückhaltende Preispolitik mit wenigen Preisänderungen betreiben, die nahezu branchenweit gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden und eine verzögerte Weitergabe von sinkenden Erzeugerpreisen an den Verbraucher vollziehen. Dies spricht für eine Premium-Preis-Strategie des Handels mit Margenausweitung, was Potentiale für ein Fair-Preis-System bietet, allerdings mit kartellrechtlichen Grenzen. Wie eine Landwirtebefragung aufzeigt, besteht seitens der Biolandwirte Einigkeit, dass die Diskussion um faire Preise wichtig ist. Zusätzlich sind genaue Vorstellungen von fairen Preisen vorhanden. Biolandwirte haben eine wesentlich höhere Wertorientierung, die ein Fair-Preis-Konzept erfüllen sollte. Das Verhalten und der Umgang in der WSK werden als bedeutender für ein faires Konzept erachtet im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Berufskollegen. Es wird ein anbieterorientiertes Fair-Preis-System vorgeschlagen, das die Fairnesskommunikation (gerechte Margenverteilung) und gleichzeitige Ausweitung der Margen zum Ziel hat. Durch den innovativen Charakter der Studie kann eine stufenübergreifende Betrachtung von Preisbildungsmechanismen im NKH in die bestehende Fairnessforschung eingeordnet werden. Die Untersuchung liefert damit wichtige erste Erkenntnisse zum Wechselspiel von Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit in WSK

The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Limnomedusa: Olindiidae) in Germany, with a brief note on its nomenclature

The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester is distributed worldwide in temperate, freshwater habitats. However, such a successful, worldwide dispersion of the medusa and its minute, less obvious polyp is unique among the freshwater jellyfish species (Limnomedusae, Olinidiae). Although numerous reports were given shortly after its discovery, the interest did not cease over the years. In cooperation with the German Underwater Federation (Verband Deutscher Sporttaucher e. V.) additional data of freshwater jellyfish occurrences could be obtained. In combination with previously published discovery reports, these data provide an area- wide observation of the distribution of freshwater jellyfish within the Federal Republic of Germany, adding 21 to the previously known C. sowerbii locations. Indications are that there is a far more wide spread distribution of the medusa than thought and the potentially even wider distribution of the often times overlooked polyp

Using Price Rigidities to Explain Pricing Strategies in the Organic Milk Chain

 The stickiness of prices and reasons for price changes are widely discussed in market analyses and marketing theory. Explanations and reasons of rigidities have shown that prices do not change as often in small retail stores and in markets with high concentration (Powers and Powers 2001, Hannan and Berger 1991). For organic products, until now there have been few clear results about pricing strategies and it can be assumed that consumers pay premium prices for organic products with increasing market shares of the sector. Hence the opportunities regarding pricing behaviour and pricing strategies in the organic milk supply chain up to now have not been discussed. This paper strives to close this research gap by examining rigidities in the organic milk market on the basis of organic retail scanner data. Using these results, pricing strategies in the organic retail sector are discussed

Preisbildungssysteme in der Milchwirtschaft. Ein Überblick über die Supply Chain Milch

Preisbildungssysteme in der Milchwirtschaft Ein Überblick über die Supply Chain Milc

Does smile intensity in photographs really predict longevity?:A replication and extension of Abel and Kruger (2010)

Abel and Kruger (2010) found that the smile intensity of professional baseball players who were active in 1952, as coded from photographs, predicted these players' longevity. In the current investigation, we sought to replicate this result and to extend the initial analyses. We analyzed (a) a sample that was almost identical to the one from Abel and Kruger's study using the same database and inclusion criteria (N = 224), (b) a considerably larger nonoverlapping sample consisting of other players from the same cohort (N = 527), and (c) all players in the database (N = 13,530 valid cases). Like Abel and Kruger, we relied on categorical smile codings as indicators of positive affectivity, yet we supplemented these codings with subjective ratings of joy intensity and automatic codings of positive affectivity made by computer programs. In both samples and for all three indicators, we found that positive affectivity did not predict mortality once birth year was controlled as a covariate

Oxygen dynamics and transport in the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba

The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba kept in aquaria or cultivation tanks can stop pumping for several hours or even days. To investigate changes in the chemical microenvironments, we measured oxygen profiles over the surface and into the tissue of pumping and non-pumping A. aerophoba specimens with Clark-type oxygen microelectrodes (tip diameters 18–30 μm). Total oxygen consumption rates of whole sponges were measured in closed chambers. These rates were used to back-calculate the oxygen distribution in a finite-element model. Combining direct measurements with calculations of diffusive flux and modeling revealed that the tissue of non-pumping sponges turns anoxic within 15 min, with the exception of a 1 mm surface layer where oxygen intrudes due to molecular diffusion over the sponge surface. Molecular diffusion is the only transport mechanism for oxygen into non-pumping sponges, which allows total oxygen consumption rates of 6–12 μmol cm−3 sponge day−1. Sponges of different sizes had similar diffusional uptake rates, which is explained by their similar surface/volume ratios. In pumping sponges, oxygen consumption rates were between 22 and 37 μmol cm−3 sponge day−1, and the entire tissue was oxygenated. Combining different approaches of direct oxygen measurement in living sponges with a dynamic model, we can show that tissue anoxia is a direct function of the pumping behavior. The sponge-microbe system of A. aerophoba thus has the possibility to switch actively between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism by stopping the water flow for more than 15 min. These periods of anoxia will greatly influence physiological variety and activity of the sponge microbes. Detailed knowledge about the varying chemical microenvironments in sponges will help to develop protocols to cultivate sponge-associated microbial lineages and improve our understanding of the sponge-microbe-syste

MAG: A Multilingual, Knowledge-base Agnostic and Deterministic Entity Linking Approach

Entity linking has recently been the subject of a significant body of research. Currently, the best performing approaches rely on trained mono-lingual models. Porting these approaches to other languages is consequently a difficult endeavor as it requires corresponding training data and retraining of the models. We address this drawback by presenting a novel multilingual, knowledge-based agnostic and deterministic approach to entity linking, dubbed MAG. MAG is based on a combination of context-based retrieval on structured knowledge bases and graph algorithms. We evaluate MAG on 23 data sets and in 7 languages. Our results show that the best approach trained on English datasets (PBOH) achieves a micro F-measure that is up to 4 times worse on datasets in other languages. MAG, on the other hand, achieves state-of-the-art performance on English datasets and reaches a micro F-measure that is up to 0.6 higher than that of PBOH on non-English languages.Comment: Accepted in K-CAP 2017: Knowledge Capture Conferenc